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Widespread Non-Additive and Interaction Effects Within Human Leukocyte Antigen Loci Modulate the Risk of Autoimmune Diseases
(2017-05-12)
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly targets normal tissues. These diseases comprise a wide range of conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. ...
Characterization of the Spatiotemporal Network in Prefrontal Cortex-Hippocampal Synchronization: The Role of the Thalamic Nucleus Reuniens and Delta Band 2-5 Hz Oscillations
(2017-05-12)
Background: Schizophrenia is a devastating mental health illness in which our pharmacologic options do not treat the cognitive deficits that largely contribute to long-term disability. Problems with cognition likely arise ...
Leveraging Genomic Signatures to Understand Human Disease: Applications in Infectious Disease and Cancer
(2017-05-12)
Genomics has been transformative to the study of human evolution and disease. With the dropping cost and increased availability of genome sequencing, it is now possible to probe the genetic mediators of human disease at ...
Predictors of Potentially Burdensome Transitions of Care for Hospitalized Patients With Advanced Cancer
(2017-05-12)
Background: Patients with advanced cancer experience frequent hospitalizations and potentially burdensome transitions of care post-discharge that could negatively impact the quality of their end-of-life care. We examined ...
The State of Quality in the NHS in England: a Qualitative Analysis of Interviews With Forty-Three High-Ranking Representatives of the NHS
(2017-05-12)
Recent years have seen dramatic changes in the quality infrastructure of the NHS in England. In addition to the large-scale restructuring that occurred under the 2012 Health and Social Care Act, there have been copious ...
A Contemporary, Population-Based Analysis of the Incidence, Cost, Outcomes, and Preoperative Risk Prediction of Postoperative Delirium Following Major Urologic Cancer Surgeries
(2017-05-12)
Introduction
Postoperative delirium is associated with poor outcomes and increased healthcare costs across numerous surgical and medical disciplines. Although characterized in other surgical fields, the population-based ...
Low-Value Service Variation and Physician Characteristics
(2017-05-12)
Importance: Reducing spending on unnecessary medical procedures is a global priority. Understanding patterns of low-value service use across physicians can inform efforts to reduce wasteful care.
Objective: To quantify ...
Hippocampal Subfield Alterations Across the Psychotic Disease Spectrum
(2017-05-12)
Psychiatry stands at a pivotal point of development. With the advent of brain imaging modalities, descriptive diagnostic criteria have been called into question. Psychotic disorders, historically dichotomized into ...
The Forest for the Trees: Using Big Data to Improve Preoperative Assessment and Risk Stratification in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery
(2017-05-12)
This thesis uses the Kid’s Inpatient Database to analyze surgical epidemiology, clinical outcomes, LOS, and total costs for two major pediatric surgeries. The goal is to establish clinically meaningful identifiers of risk, ...
Development and Implementation of a Clinical Pathway for Radiation of Bone Metastases in a Complex Academic Radiation Oncology Organization
(2017-05-12)
Background: Clinical pathways increase compliance with treatment guidelines, improve outcomes, and reduce costs. Evidence around treatment of complicated bone metastases is increasingly nuanced and although the American ...