Browsing HMS Theses and Dissertations by Title
Now showing items 314-333 of 537
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Machine-learning derived Pulmonary X-ray Severity (PXS) score to predict COVID-19 severe outcomes
(2022-05-10)Abstract Background Using a previously validated machine learning algorithm that extracts a quantitative measure of Pulmonary Xray Severity (PXS) score. We compared lung involvement among different SARS-COV-2 variants and ... -
Management of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome with Eat, Sleep, Console: a systematic review and meta-analysis & Engagement and adherence with recommended developmental follow-up among infants with intrauterine opioid exposure
(2022-05-10)With the rise of the opioid epidemic across the United States, the rate of newborns affected by intrauterine opioid exposure, developing Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS), has almost doubled in the last decade, ... -
Measuring Patient-Perceived Quality of Care in U.S. Hospitals Using Twitter
(2015-09-29)BACKGROUND Patients use Twitter to share feedback about their experience receiving health care. Identifying and analyzing the content of posts sent to each hospital may provide a novel real-time measure of quality, ... -
Measuring Psychosocial Adversity as a Neurodevelopmental Risk Factor: Development & Validation of the Childhood Psychosocial Adversity Questionnaire–Bangladesh (CPAQ-B)
(2018-05-15)BACKGROUND: Research examining effects of psychosocial adversities on child neurocognitive development has occurred largely in high-income countries. A key barrier to global extension of this work has been a lack of ... -
Mechanism of TIM-3 Inhibition in Th1 Cells
(2024-06-04)TIM-3 is a co-inhibitory receptor that regulates Interferon(IFN)-g-secreting CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells and marks CD8+ T cells that are terminally exhausted. Considering that anti-TIM-3 antibodies are being investigated ... -
Mechanisms of Ad5-Induced Immune Dysfunction
(2016-06-02)The failure of an Adenovirus 5 (Ad5)-based human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine in the STEP trial warranted a detailed evaluation of the immunological properties of Ad5. Previous studies have revealed that ... -
Men's Dietary Patterns in Relation to Treatment Outcomes among Couples Undergoing Infertility Treatment with Assisted Reproductive Technology
(2021-06-23)OVERVIEW: Infertility is a major health concern worldwide, especially in societies where delayed childbearing is becoming more common. While much of the focus on understanding the causes of infertility focuses on women, ... -
Metabolomic Profile Associated With Hyperglycemia And Chronic Diseases And Metabolic Homeostasis Derangement In Critical Illness: Post-hoc metabolomic cohort study of the VITdAL-ICU Trial
(2023-05-04)ABSTRACT Critical illnesses contribute to the maximum morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. Critical illness often results in the loss of metabolic homeostasis, characterized by the severe disruption of various ... -
Methodological Comparison in Analysis of Lesion Burden and Aging in Human Remains From Past Populations
(2018-05-15)Background: Study of disease in the past can help illuminate patterns of human health, disease, and aging in the present and can shed light on human physiology. There are many methods to investigate questions of health and ... -
MHC Class II-Peptide Complexes Displayed on Activated T Cells Guide Treg Suppression
(2017-06-07)Background: Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy remains a promising strategy for minimizing immunosuppression and extending allograft survival. Treg suppression requires initial activation through Treg-target cell contacts ... -
Modeling Strategic Interventions in a Population With a Total Fertility Rate of 8.3: A Cross-Sectional Study of Idjwi Island, DRC - With Appendix Detailing Patterns of Poverty and Disease Among the Bany'Idjwi People
(2015-05-13)Idjwi Island, DRC, has a total fertility rate of 8.3, one of the highest in the world. Rapid population growth has led to widespread environmental degradation and food insecurity. Meanwhile family planning services are ... -
Modeling T Cell- B Cell Interaction in Rheumatoid Arthritis in a 3D Organoid System
(2024-06-04)Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that results in joint inflammation and destruction. During the disease progression, synovial fibroblasts and immune cell populations play important roles in joint ... -
Modulation of Pain with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls
(2014-07-07)Background: While pain is essential for physiological functioning, chronic or pathologic pain is responsible for a major burden of disease in society. Novel approaches to treating acute and chronic pain have employed ... -
The Molecular Characterization of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter
(2014-07-07)By buffering cytosolic calcium, mitochondria can shape the magnitude and duration of intracellular calcium transients, which in turn govern key physiological events. Although controlled uptake of calcium into the matrix ... -
Molecular Mechanism of the Immunomodulatory Drug Halofuginone
(2016-05-24)Cellular sensing of amino acid availability has recently emerged as an important mechanism of immunomodulation. Small molecules that manipulate amino acid metabolism serve as powerful tools for studying these poorly ... -
Molecular Mechanisms of Co-Stimulatory Molecules and Their Application for Tumor Immunotherapy
(2016-05-24)Costimulatory molecules function to stimulate or inhibit T cell activation. A balance between activating and inhibiting receptors determines the functional state of a T cell. PD1 and CTLA4 are the two most well studied ... -
Multi-Unit Activity in the Human Cortex as a Predictor of Seizure Onset
(2015-05-13)Epilepsy is a neurological disorder affecting 50 million people worldwide. It consists of a large number of syndromes, all of which are characterized by a predisposition to recurrent, unprovoked seizures, while differing ... -
Multicenter Phase IB/II Study of AdV-Tk, a Gene-Mediated Cytotoxic Immunotherapy, Adjuvant to Surgical Resection for Patients With Newly Diagnosed High Grade Glioma
(2015-05-13)Purpose: The prognosis for malignant gliomas is poor, and overall survival remains less than 15 months despite improved diagnostic and treatment techniques, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic options. This ... -
Murine Airway Brush Cell Functions in Chronic Type II Inflammation
(2021-07-19)Type-II (T2) inflammatory airway diseases are characterized by airway epithelial damage, epithelial remodeling, and goblet cell metaplasia, in addition to the immune cell influx. Brush cells (BrCs) are specialized chemosensory ... -
Myeloid Cell-based Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Cancer
(2024-06-04)A key question in cancer immunotherapy is which features dictate therapeutic response versus non-response. Therapeutic responses to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies still hover around 15-20% across most cancers. Critical ...