The Emergence of Three Human Development Clubs
![Thumbnail](/bitstream/handle/1/10613655/3596382.pdf.jpg?sequence=3&isAllowed=y)
View/ Open
Author
Holzmann, Hajo
Ketterer, Florian
Klasen, Stephan
Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057624Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Vollmer, Sebastian, Hajo Holzmann, Florian Ketterer, Stephan Klasen, and David Canning. 2013. The emergence of three human development clubs. PLoS ONE 8(3): e57624.Abstract
We examine the joint distribution of levels of income per capita, life expectancy, and years of schooling across countries in 1960 and in 2000. In 1960 countries were clustered in two groups; a rich, highly educated, high longevity “developed” group and a poor, less educated, high mortality, “underdeveloped” group. By 2000 however we see the emergence of three groups; one underdeveloped group remaining near 1960 levels, a developed group with higher levels of education, income, and health than in 1960, and an intermediate group lying between these two. This finding is consistent with both the ideas of a new “middle income trap” that countries face even if they escape the “low income trap”, as well as the notion that countries which escaped the poverty trap form a temporary “transition regime” along their path to the “developed” group.Other Sources
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3596382/pdf/Terms of Use
This article is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of-use#LAACitable link to this page
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10613655
Collections
- SPH Scholarly Articles [6362]
Contact administrator regarding this item (to report mistakes or request changes)