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Now showing items 54914-54933 of 57070

    • Using Non-Enzymatic Chemistry to Influence Microbial Metabolism 

      Wallace, Stephen; Schultz, Erica Elizabeth; Balskus, Emily Patricia (Elsevier BV, 2015)
      The structural manipulation of small molecule metabolites occurs in all organisms and plays a fundamental role in essentially all biological processes. Despite an increasing interest in developing new, non-enzymatic chemical ...

    • Using Non-invasive Brain Stimulation to Augment Motor Training-induced Plasticity 

      Bolognini, Nadia; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro; Fregni, Felipe (BioMed Central, 2009)
      Therapies for motor recovery after stroke or traumatic brain injury are still not satisfactory. To date the best approach seems to be the intensive physical therapy. However the results are limited and functional gains are ...

    • Using Nondeterminism to Amplify Hardness 

      Healy, Alexander; Vadhan, Salil; Viola, Emanuele (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2006)
      We revisit the problem of hardness amplification in NP, as recently studied by O'Donnell [J. Comput. System Sci., 69 (2004), pp. 68-94]. We prove that if NP has a balanced function f such that any circuit of size s(n) fails ...

    • Using Nutrition for Intervention and Prevention Against Environmental Chemical Toxicity and Associated Diseases 

      Hennig, Bernhard; Ettinger, Adrienne S; Jandacek, Ronald J.; Koo, Sung; McClain, Craig David; Seifried, Harold; Silverstone, Allen; Watkins, Bruce; Suk, William A. (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2007)
      Background: Nutrition and lifestyle are well-defined modulators of chronic diseases. Poor dietary habits (such as high intake of processed foods rich in fat and low intake of fruits and vegetables), as well as a sedentary ...

    • Using Observational Data to Calibrate Simulation Models 

      Murray, Eleanor Jane; Robins, James M.; Seage, George R.; Lodi, Sara; Hyle, Emily Parker; Reddy, Krishna Podditur; Freedberg, Kenneth Alan; Hernan, Miguel Angel (SAGE Publications, 2017)
      BACKGROUND: Individual-level simulation models are valuable tools for comparing the impact of clinical or public health interventions on population health and cost outcomes over time. However, a key challenge is ensuring ...

    • Using Options to Divide Value in Corporate Bankruptcy 

      Bebchuk, Lucian Arye (Elsevier, 2000)
      This paper revisits the proposal to use options in corporate bankruptcy that was put forward in Bebchuk (1988). According to the proposed procedure, corporate bankruptcy should be implemented through the distribution to ...

    • Using orthologous and paralogous proteins to identify specificity determining residues 

      Mirny, Leonid A; Gelfand, Mikhail S (BioMed Central, 2002)
      Background: Concepts of orthology and paralogy are become increasingly important as whole-genome comparison allows their identification in complete genomes. Functional specificity of proteins is assumed to be conserved ...

    • Using Pattern Classification to Measure Adaptation to the Orientation of High Order Aberrations 

      Sawides, Lucie; Dorronsoro, Carlos; Haun, Andrew M.; Peli, Eli; Marcos, Susana (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background: The image formed by the eye's optics is blurred by the ocular aberrations, specific to each eye. Recent studies demonstrated that the eye is adapted to the level of blur produced by the high order aberrations ...

    • Using Physiological Big Data to Predict Cross Country Performance 

      Allen, Christopher (2016-06-22)
      Sleep quality and heart rate variability are hypothesized in research to be indicators of improved or impaired athletic performance. This is especially relevant for the sport of endurance running. Very little research has ...

    • Using Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models to Incorporate Chemical and Non-Chemical Stressors into Cumulative Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Pesticide Exposures 

      Wason, Susan Chemerynski; Smith, Thomas J.; Perry, Melissa J.; Levy, Jonathan Ian (MDPI, 2012)
      Cumulative risk assessment has been proposed as an approach to evaluate the health risks associated with simultaneous exposure to multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ...

    • Using Physiology to Predict the Responses of Ants to Climatic Warming 

      Diamond, Sarah E.; Penick, Clint; Pelini, Shannon L.; Ellison, Aaron M. (Oxford University Press, 2013-10-08)
      Physiological intolerance of high temperatures places limits on organismal responses to the temperature increases associated with global climatic change. Because ants are geographically widespread, ecologically diverse, ...

    • Using Plasmonics to Shape Light Beams 

      Capasso, Federico; Yu, Nanfang; Cubukcu, Ertugrul; Smythe, Elizabeth (Optical Society of America, 2009)
      The field of plasmonics-in which surface plasmon resonances of metals are used to manipulate light at the sub-wavelength scale-is transforming our understanding of nanophotonics and integrated optics. Now, researchers are ...

    • Using PM2.5 concentrations to estimate the health burden from solid fuel combustion, with application to Irish and Scottish homes 

      Galea, Karen S; Hurley, J Fintan; Cowie, Hilary; Shafrir, Amy L; Sánchez Jiménez, Araceli; Semple, Sean; Ayres, Jon G; Coggins, Marie (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Background: This study estimates the potential population health burden from exposure to combustion-derived particulate air pollution in domestic settings in Ireland and Scotland. Methods: The study focused on solid fuel ...

    • Using Pneumococcal Carriage Data to Monitor Postvaccination Changes in Invasive Disease 

      Weinberger, David W.; Bruden, D. T.; Grant, L. R.; Lipsitch, Marc; O, K. L.; Pelton, S. I.; Sanders, Evan S.; Feikin, D. R. (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2013)
      Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been introduced worldwide. However, few developing countries have high-quality surveillance systems available for monitoring vaccine impact. We evaluated whether data from ...

    • Using Poisson mixed-effects model to quantify transcript-level gene expression in RNA-Seq 

      Hu, Ming; Zhu, Y.; Taylor, J. M. G.; Liu, Jun; Qin, Z. S. (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2011)
      Motivation: RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a powerful new technology for mapping and quantifying transcriptomes using ultra high-throughput next generation sequencing technologies. Using deep sequencing, gene expression levels ...

    • Using population admixture to help complete maps of the human genome 

      Genovese, Giulio; Handsaker, Robert E.; Li, Heng; Altemose, Nicolas; Lindgren, Amelia M.; Chambert, Kimberly; Pasaniuc, Bogdan; Price, Alkes L.; Reich, David; Morton, Cynthia C.; Pollak, Martin R.; Wilson, James G.; McCarroll, Steven A. (2013)
      Tens of millions of base pairs of euchromatic human genome sequence, including many protein-coding genes, have no known location in the human genome. We describe an approach for localizing the human genome's missing pieces ...

    • Using predicted imports of 2019-nCoV cases to determine locations that may not be identifying all imported cases 

      Martinez de Salazar Munoz, Pablo; Niehus, Rene; Taylor, Aimee; Buckee, Caroline; Lipsitch, Marc (2020-02-05)
      Cases from the ongoing outbreak of atypical pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) exported from mainland China can lead to self-sustained outbreaks in other populations. Internationally imported cases ...

    • Using prediction markets to estimate the reproducibility of scientific research 

      Dreber-Almenberg, Anna; Pfeiffer, Thomas; Almenberg, Johan; Isaksson, Siri; Wilson, Brad; Chen, Yiling; Nosek, Brian A.; Johannesson, Magnus (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015)
      Concerns about a lack of reproducibility of statistically significant results have recently been raised in many fields, and it has been argued that this lack comes at substantial economic costs. We here report the results ...

    • Using prediction markets to forecast research evaluations 

      Munafo, Marcus R.; Pfeiffer, Thomas; Altmejd, Adam; Heikensten, Emma; Almenberg, Johan; Bird, Alexander; Chen, Yiling; Wilson, Brad; Johannesson, Magnus; Dreber, Anna (The Royal Society Publishing, 2015)
      The 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF2014) was conducted to assess the quality of research carried out at higher education institutions in the UK over a 6 year period. However, the process was criticized for being ...

    • Using Primary Sources in United States History Textbooks to Create Social Justice Connections from Past to Present 

      Birkhold, Nicole Josephine (2022-05-12)
      Primary sources are tools that can be used in education to provide rich opportunities for helping bring history to life for students. They aid in fostering historical thinking allowing students to understand the present ...