Browsing by Author "Holbrook, Noel"
Now showing items 1-20 of 23
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Advanced Vascular Function Discovered in a Widespread Moss
Brodribb, T. J.; Carriquí, M.; Delzon, S.; McAdam, S. A. M.; Holbrook, Noel (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-03-09)The evolution of terrestrial plants capable of growing upwards into the dry atmosphere profoundly transformed Earth. A transition from small “non-vascular” bryophytes to arborescent vascular plants during the Devonian ... -
Confronting Maxwell's demon: biophysics of xylem embolism repair
Zwieniecki, Maciej A.; Holbrook, Noel Michele (Elsevier BV, 2009)Embolism results in a dramatic loss of xylem hydraulic transport capacity that can lead to decreased plant productivity and even death. The ability to refill embolized conduits despite the presence of tension in the xylem ... -
Cooling of US Midwest summer temperature extremes from cropland intensification
Mueller, Nathaniel Dean; Butler, Ethan E; McKinnon, Karen Aline; Rhines, Andrew Nelson; Tingley, Martin; Holbrook, Noel Michele; Huybers, Peter John (Nature Publishing Group, 2015)High temperature extremes during the growing season can reduce agricultural production. At the same time, agricultural practices can modify temperatures by altering the surface energy budget. Here we identify centennial ... -
Ecology of hemiepiphytism in fig species is based on evolutionary correlation of hydraulics and carbon economy
Hao, Guang-You; Goldstein, Guillermo; Sack, Lawren; Holbrook, Noel Michele; Liu, Zhi-Hui; Wang, Ai-Ying; Harrison, Rhett D.; Su, Zhi-Hui; Cao, Kun-Fang (Ecological Society of America, 2011)Woody hemiepiphytic species (Hs) are important components of tropical rain forests, and they have been hypothesized to differ from non-hemiepiphytic tree species (NHs) in adaptations relating to water relations and carbon ... -
Enhancing Food Security in an Era of Global Climate Change: An Executive Session on Grand Challenges of the Sustainability Transition
Clark, William; Kristjanson, Patti; Campbell, Bruce; Juma, Calestous; Holbrook, Noel Michele; Nelson, Gerald; Dickson, Nancy M. (John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University., 2010)The goal of the workshop was to build a more strategic and integrated perspective on the threats and opportunities latent in the food / climate issue, and to discuss the hard challenges of moving forward toward common goals ... -
Freeze/Thaw-Induced Embolism: Probability of Critical Bubble Formation Depends on Speed of Ice Formation
Sevanto, Sanna; Holbrook, Noel Michele; Ball, Marilyn C. (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2012)Bubble formation in the conduits of woody plants sets a challenge for uninterrupted water transportation from the soil up to the canopy. Freezing and thawing of stems has been shown to increase the number of air-filled ... -
Global Relationships between Cropland Intensification and Summer Temperature Extremes over the Last 50 Years
Mueller, Nathaniel; Rhines, Andrew; Butler, Ethan; Ray, Deepak; Siebert, Stefan; Holbrook, Noel; Huybers, Peter (American Meteorological Society, 2017-09)Conversion of native ecosystems to cropland and the use of irrigation are considered dominant pathways through which agricultural land-use change alters regional climate. Recent research proposes that increases in cropland ... -
Innovation for Vulnerable Farmers: Drought and Water Scarcity Adaptation Technologies.
Harley, Alicia Grace; Holbrook, Noel Michele; Clark, William (2015)This report is a summary of themes discussed during a two-day workshop on “Innovation for Vulnerable Farmers: Drought and Water Scarcity Adaptation Technologies.” The workshop was held at Harvard University on September ... -
Investigating xylem embolism formation, refilling and water storage in tree trunks using frequency domain reflectometry
Hao, Guang-You; Wheeler, James K; Holbrook, Noel Michele; Goldstein, Guillermo (Oxford University Press, 2013)Trunks of large trees play an important role in whole-plant water balance but technical difficulties have limited most hydraulic research to small stems, leaves, and roots. To investigate the dynamics of water-related ... -
Ion Induced Changes in the Structure of Bordered Pit Membranes
Lee, Jinkee; Holbrook, Noel Michele; Zwieniecki, Maciej A. (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2012)Ion-mediated changes in xylem hydraulic resistance are hypothesized to result from hydrogel like properties of pectins located in the bordered pit membranes separating adjacent xylem vessels. Although the kinetics of the ... -
Leaf palmate venation and vascular redundancy confer tolerance of hydraulic disruption
Sack, Laura Magill; Dietrich, E. M.; Streeter, Chris Conway; Sanchez-Gomez, D.; Holbrook, Noel Michele (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008)Leaf venation is a showcase of plant diversity, ranging from the grid-like network in grasses, to a wide variety of dendritic systems in other angiosperms. A principal function of the venation is to deliver water; however, ... -
The Major Veins of Mesomorphic Leaves Revisited: Tests for Conductive Overload in Acer saccharum (Aceraceae) and Quercus rubra (Fagaceae)
Sack, Lawren; Cowan, Peter D.; Holbrook, Noel (Botanical Society of America, 2003)Many leaves survive the severing of their major veins in apparently excellent health. According to the classical explanation, the leaf minor veins provide "conductive overload," an excess of parallel conductive paths, ... -
Modeling the Hydrodynamics of Phloem Sieve Plates
Jensen, Kaare Hartvig; Mullendore, Daniel Leroy; Holbrook, Noel Michele; Bohr, Tomas; Knoblauch, Michael; Bruus, Henrik (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2012)Sieve plates have an enormous impact on the efficiency of the phloem vascular system of plants, responsible for the distribution of photosynthetic products. These thin plates, which separate neighboring phloem cells, are ... -
Optimal vein density in artificial and real leaves
Noblin, X.; Mahadevan, Lakshminarayanan; Coomaraswamy, I. A.; Weitz, David A.; Holbrook, Noel Michele; Zwieniecki, Maciej A. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008)The long evolution of vascular plants has resulted in a tremendous variety of natural networks responsible for the evaporatively driven transport of water. Nevertheless, little is known about the physical principles that ... -
Patterns of Variation in MHC Class II Beta Loci of the Little Greenbul (Andropadus virens) with Comments on MHC Evolution in Birds
Brodribb, Tim J.; Holbrook, Noel (Blackwell Publishing, 2003)The hydraulic conductance of leaves (k<sub>leaf</sub>) was examined to determine whether this little understood component of the water transport pathway plays a role in governing leaf phenology of two deciduous dry forest ... -
The Plant Vascular System: Structure, Function, and Responses to Environmental Stress
Huggett, Brett Andrew (2013-09-27)Environmental stressors such as nutrient deficiency and insect infestation can significantly impact tree health. Despite much research on the ecological effect on forests in the northeastern United States due to calcium ... -
Raman spectroscopy reveals high phloem sugar content in leaves of canopy red oak trees
Gersony, Jess T.; McClelland, Arthur; Holbrook, Noel (Wiley, 2021-07-22)A robust understanding of phloem functioning in tall trees evades us because current methods for collecting phloem sap do not lend themselves to measuring actively photosynthesizing canopy leaves. We show that Raman ... -
Scaling Phloem Transport: Water Potential Equilibrium and Osmoregulatory Flow
Thompson, Matthew; Holbrook, Noel (Blackwell Publishing, 2003)In this work, the common assumption that phloem sap is in water potential equilibrium with the surrounding apoplast was examined. With a dimensionless model of phloem translocation that scales with just two dimensionless ... -
Stomatal Closure During Leaf Dehydration, Correlation with Other Leaf Physiological Traits
Brodribb, Tim J.; Holbrook, Noel (American Society of Plant Biologists, 2003)The question as to what triggers stomatal closure during leaf desiccation remains controversial. This paper examines characteristics of the vascular and photosynthetic functions of the leaf to determine which responds most ... -
Stomatal plugs of Drimys winteri (Winteraceae) protect leaves from mist but not drought
Feild, T. S.; Zwieniecki, Maciej A.; Donoghue, Margaret Jane; Holbrook, Noel Michele (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1998)Two outstanding features of the flowering plant family Winteraceae are the occlusion of their stomatal pores by cutin plugs and the absence of water-conducting xylem vessels. An adaptive relationship between these two ...